Fixture and Fastenings for Doors and Windows

The fixtures and faytenings for doors and windows can be of iron, brass or aluminium. It is however important to ensure that the item should be reasonably smooth and free from sharp edges and comers. The screw holes in the item should be of counter sunk type. Iron fixtures and fastenings are nonnally black enamelled or copper oxidised. Brass fittings on the other hand are oxidised or finished bdght or chromium plated. Aluminium fittings are nonnally anodised. The fixtures and fastenings are manufactured in different shapes and sizes to suit the requirements of different sizes and types of doors and windows. The fittings and fastenings can be broadly grouped as under : 

1. Hinges, 
2. Bolts, 
3. Handles, and 
4. Locks. 

Hinges 

Different types of hinges commonly used for doors and windows are described below. 

Butt Hinges 

This type of hinge is most commonly used for fixing door or window shutter to the frame. The sizes of hinges vary from 50 mm long & 37 mm wide to 125 mm long & 75 mm wide. One flange of hinge is screwed on to the edge of the shutter and the other flange is screwed to the rebate in the frame. For the normal size of a door three hinges and for a window two hinges are used for each shutter. 

Back Flap Hinges. 

This type of hinges are used with thin shutters where butt hinges cannot be used. These hinges ate fixed to the back side of the shutters and frame and hence they are called back flap hinges. 

Counter Flap Hinges 

This type of hinge has three parts and two centres. Provision of this type of hinge enables the shutters to be folded back to back. 

Strap Hinges 

This type of hinge is normally used with ledged braced doors, garage doors, boundary wall gates etc. The hinges have long arms which are fixed to the shutter and the rebate in the frame. 

Parliamentary Hinges 

These type of hinges are used in situations where and window opening is required to be kept free of obstruction due to shutters when open. Parliamentary hinges permit the shutters when open to rest parallel to the wall clear of the opening. 

Garnet Hinges 

This type of hinge is also known as T-hinge and is co  bnly used for battened or ledged and braced doors. The long arm of the hinge is to the shutter whereas the short arm or plate of the hinge is screwed to the door frame. 

Spring Hinges 

Spring hinges are manufactured in two designs, single acting type of spring hinges and the double acting type of spring hinges. The single acting type of spring hinges are used when the shutter is required to be opened on one side only whereas double acting type are used when shutter is required to be opened on both sides of the opening. These hinges enable the door or window shutter to close the opening automatically due to spring action when not in use. 

Rising Butt Hinges 

This type of hinge is also known as skew butt hinge or lifting butt hinge. By virtue of their design, these hinges can raise the door shutter by about 10 mm on opening and the door gets closed automatically in case the shutter is not held back by any stopper. These hinges enable the door shutter to operate even in the presence of small obstructions offered by a carpet or mat etc. spread on the floor. The types of hinges are shown in Figure.

Various Types of Hinges for DOOR  and Windows 

Bolts 

Different type of bolts commonly used for doors and windows are described below : 

Tower Bolts 

The bolt passes through two or three staples attached to the base plate. The plate is screwed to the inside face of the door shutter and the bolt engages in a metal 

socket screwed to the frame. 

Barrel Bolt 

This type of bolt is similar to the tower bolt except that the staples are replaced by a barrel. 

Hasp and Staple Bolt 

In this case the hasp is secured to the shutter whereas the staple is screwed to the door frame. 

Eye and Hook 

This type of fitting is used for keeping window shutter in position when the window is open. The hook is fixed to the sill of the window frame and the eye is 

fixed to the bottom rail of window shutter. Figure shows various types of bolts. 

Handles 

Handles are manufactured in a variety of designs. Some of the commonly used types of handles are shown in Figure.

Locks 

various  types of locks fitted on doors and windows are shown in Figure. 

Various Types of Bolts for Doors and Windows