Usually piles are adopted for foundations whenever safe bearing capacity of soil does not permit isolated footings or raft foundations. Availability of very hard strata at shallow depths overlead by very weak soil may also make pile foundation economical. The piles can be categorized by the material used such as timber, steel, concrete etc. or by the method of driving piles such as driven cast in situ, bored cast in situ, precast driven, under reamed piles etc.
Piling requires great care during driving. Once driven, a pile can not be corrected. Moreover all operations are supervised at ground levels and the bore remains filled with water or bentonite slurry. Finally the defects in piles remain burried and cannot be easily inspected.
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