Plumbing and other Services
While preparing estimates of civil works, estimates relating to structural and finishing items are prepared first with suitable lump-sum provisions towards services like plumbing, electrification and other non-structural items. Detailed estimates are subsequently prepared after consulting the concerned engineers, who specialist in services. This is due to the fact that services in buildings especially large ones, require elaborate planning and detailing and is inter-disciplinary in nature, involving a fair amount of knowledge of electrical and mechanical engineering aspects.
Other Lump-sum Items
Suitable percentages of the cost of civil works are marked out as lump-sum for items for many other items. These percentages are approximate and similar detailed estimates are prepared if needed.
Discretion should be used in arriving at the percentages depending upon the individual cases.
Usually adopted percentages are given below :
- Internal & external electrification = 10%
- Internal & external water supply and sanitary arrangements = 7.5%
- Architectural features = 1%
- Lawns and roads = 2%
- Fluctuation in marked rates of labour and material = 10%
- Unforeseen items = 2%
- Petty supervision = 3%
In case of hospitals, where provision for electrification and water supply & sanitary arrangements will be on large scale, the L.S amounts should be higher by 12.5% and 10% respectively.
In large projects, adequate provision towards purchase of special equipment such as concrete mixers, vibrators, mortar mills, lorries etc. has to be made. Also provision for construction of temporary quarters for the construction of staffs, go downs should be made.
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