Chain of Command

The 'Chain of Command' is an unbroken line of authority that vertically links all persons in an organisation with successively higher levels of authority. Two classical principles explain as to how the chain of command shown operate in any organisation - the unity of command and the scalar principle. 

Unity of Command 

The unity of command principle suggests that no organisation members should report to more than one supervisor for any single function. The more clearly and completely an individual has a clear reporting relationship to a single boss, the less the chance of conflict in instructions and the greater the feeling of personal responsibility for results. Thus, the unity of command principles advises against creating multiple reporting relationships in organisations. 

Scalar Principle 

Under the scalar principles, authority and responsibility are shown in the organisation. The more clearly the line of authority and responsibility flows from top management to every subordinate position, the more likely there is to be responsible decision-making and organisational communication. This ensure that all persons bow from whom they can expect to receive directions. Violation of scalar principles manager by passes someone's supervisor to give orders directly to that person.