Management is the subject which deals with principles and guidelines for understanding functioning of various organisations in society. Society is divided into set of organisations like educational institutes, industrial organisations, voluntary organisations etc. Some of the organisations with which you are interacting everyday are hanks, hospitals, college, factories of consumer goods like T.V., radio, cycle etc. How these organisations function? How workers and managers cooperate to produce goods and services which we use? How individuals working in companies should be selected and rewarded ? Management tries to answer such questions. In other words, it examines behaviour of individuals working in any organisation. Understanding of behaviour of workers and managers can be used for improving performance of organisations. It analyses how organisations function and develop in environment. To get meaning of the term MANAGEMENT, let us examine some definitions :
Management is the process by which people, technology, job task and other resources are combined so as to effectively achieve organisational objectives.
- Ivancevich, Dannelly and Gibson (1980)
Management Is effective utilisation of human and material resources to achieve enterprise's objectives.
- Glueck (1977)
On examination of these two definitions we can say that
- Management is a method,
- Its subject is how to organise human and material resources, and
- Aim of management is to understand functioning of organisation.
After studying this unit, you should be able to
- define management,
- explain scientific management and its limitations,
- Analyse management theories,
- Familiarize yourself with role of manager and management process,
- describe the types of organisational structure and leadership styles,
- outline the steps in decision making process, and
- identify types of control.
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