Theory 'X'

Douglas McGregor proposed  theory X ,and theory Y. Theory X is a set of  assumptions about employees which are as follows :

1. An average human being has disliking for work. Therefore, he will try to avoid work, if he gets an opportunity. 
2. Because of dislike for work most people must be controlled and threatened with punishment to get the work done. Punishment and threat will be effective to get the work from employees. 
3. An average person has low ambition and avoids responsibility. He is more interested in job security.