Design, drawings and specifications define the constructional scope of the project. Designs form the base for determining the functional fitness of the proposed facility, development of the drawings, estimation of cost of the project and the quantity of work, deciding construction time and forecasting cash-flow. During the design process, project information is collected, analysed, communicated and recorded for incorporation into the proposed scope of work. Designing follows three sequential processes as given under.
Schematic Design Process
In the project feasibility stage, the designed architect evaluates the client's requirements, After discussing the alternatives with the client, the designer then prepares conceptual design brief for the client's approval. The schematic design brief includes site plan, facility drawings, outlined specifications and conceptual design for structural, electrical, mechanical and other connected systems. This design document may include preliminary sketches, diagrams and other written documents so as to indicate the project scope, time and cost and describe the outline of the construction methodology.
Design Development Process
This phase commences after approval of schematic designs. The emphasis in this phase shifts to details of construct ability, system integration and aesthetics. Drawings in this phase include plan, elevation and section of the facility. It also includes the design of the external services. To quote example, some of the designs developed in a housing project are listed below :
- Design of foundation and structure of the buildings,
- Structural design of precast elements of the building,
- External filtered and unfiltered water supply,
- External sewerage system and storm water drain,
- External gas supply,
- External electric services,
- Fire alarm system, and
- Clock system.
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