A persons behaviour is caused by his needs. Needs cannot be directly observed but have to be inferred from behaviour. A manager's job is to identify employee's needs. drives and channel their behaviour toward task performance (Figure.).
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| Motivation at Work |
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| Need Hierarchy of Maslow |
According to Maslow, employees rye- more enthusiastically motivated by what they are seeking than by what they already have. People move up the need hierarchy, for the satisfaction of their needs from the lower to the higher.
Herzberg identified twokinds of factors that have a betaring on motivation. He called them maintenance factors and Motivational factors. They also go by the name Hygiene factors and satisfiers.
Mainteanace/Hygiene Factors
Are those factors the presence of which does not lead to high motivation but their absence demotivates the enlployees, e.g. working conditions, pay, company rules,job-security etc.
Motivational Drives
Each person tends to develop certain motivational drives as a product of the cultural environment in whibh that person lives.David Meclelland of Harvards University worked extensively on these patterns of motivation. His exposition of drives for achievement, affilialiori, power and competence is an important factor in the current attempts to attain high quality products and service.n
Achievement Drive : A drive to overcome challenges, advance and grow.
Herzberg identified twokinds of factors that have a betaring on motivation. He called them maintenance factors and Motivational factors. They also go by the name Hygiene factors and satisfiers.
Mainteanace/Hygiene Factors
Are those factors the presence of which does not lead to high motivation but their absence demotivates the enlployees, e.g. working conditions, pay, company rules,job-security etc.
Motivational Drives
Each person tends to develop certain motivational drives as a product of the cultural environment in whibh that person lives.David Meclelland of Harvards University worked extensively on these patterns of motivation. His exposition of drives for achievement, affilialiori, power and competence is an important factor in the current attempts to attain high quality products and service.n
Achievement Drive : A drive to overcome challenges, advance and grow.
Affiliation Drive : A drive to relate to people effectively.
Competence Drive : A drive to do high quality work.
Power Drive A drive to influence pcople and situations.
Goal setting as a motivation tool is most effective when four elements arc present.
Goal Acceptance
Employees through participation process should accept the goals. Very often contents provide meaning to words partially through social clues like job titles,patterm of dress.Communication is to the organisation, what blood is to the body. The body collapses if the blood does not flow and similarly, organisation collapses when communication is ineffective.Communication to be effective has to be in all directions, i.e. downward, upward, horizontal and external as shown in Table.
Competence Drive : A drive to do high quality work.
Power Drive A drive to influence pcople and situations.
Goal setting as a motivation tool is most effective when four elements arc present.
Goal Acceptance
Employees through participation process should accept the goals. Very often contents provide meaning to words partially through social clues like job titles,patterm of dress.Communication is to the organisation, what blood is to the body. The body collapses if the blood does not flow and similarly, organisation collapses when communication is ineffective.Communication to be effective has to be in all directions, i.e. downward, upward, horizontal and external as shown in Table.
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| Communication Flow in Organisation |
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